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C Language Introduction

C is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed every bit a system programming language to write an operating system. The principal features of the C language include depression-level memory admission, a elementary set of keywords, and a clean manner, these features brand C language suitable for system programmings similar an operating system or compiler development.
Many afterward languages have borrowed syntax/features directly or indirectly from the C language. Like syntax of Java, PHP, JavaScript, and many other languages are mainly based on the C linguistic communication. C++ is nearly a superset of C language (Few programs may compile in C, but not in C++).
Commencement with C programming:

1. Construction of a C programme
   After the above discussion, we can formally appraise the structure of a C program. By structure, it is meant that any program can exist written in this structure simply. Writing a C programme in any other construction will hence lead to a Compilation Error.
   The structure of a C program is as follows:
   

1. The components of the in a higher place structure are:
   1. Header Files Inclusion: The outset and foremost component is the inclusion of the Header files in a C program.
      A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to exist shared between several source files.
      Some of C Header files:
      • stddef.h – Defines several useful types and macros.
      • stdint.h – Defines exact width integer types.
      • stdio.h – Defines core input and output functions
      • stdlib.h – Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random network generator, retentiveness allotment
      • string.h – Defines string handling functions
      • math.h – Defines common mathematical functions
   2. Master Method Declaration: The next function of a C program is to declare the main() function. The syntax to declare the main function is:
      Syntax to Declare the main method:
      

int master() {}

2. Variable Announcement: The next part of whatever C program is the variable declaration. It refers to the variables that are to be used in the office. Delight annotation that in the C program, no variable can be used without being declared. Also in a C program, the variables are to exist alleged earlier whatever operation in the part.
   Example:
   

int primary() {            int a;            . .

2. Body: The trunk of a function in the C plan, refers to the operations that are performed in the functions. It can be anything like manipulations, searching, sorting, printing, etc.
   Example:
   

int primary() {     int a;            printf("%d", a);            . .

2. Return Statement: The last part of any C programme is the return statement. The return statement refers to the returning of the values from a function. This render argument and return value depend upon the return type of the office. For case, if the return type is void, then there will be no return statement. In any other instance, there will be a return statement and the return value volition be of the blazon of the specified return type.
   Example:
   

int main() {     int a;      printf("%d", a);            return 0;            }

2. Writing offset program:
   Following is first program in C
   

C

#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )

{

printf ( "GeeksQuiz" );

return 0;

}

1. Let united states of america clarify the plan line by line.
   Line 1: [ #include <stdio.h> ] In a C program, all lines that start with # are processed by a preprocessor which is a program invoked by the compiler. In a very basic term, the preprocessor takes a C plan and produces another C programme. The produced program has no lines starting with #, all such lines are processed by the preprocessor. In the above example, the preprocessor copies the preprocessed code of stdio.h to our file. The .h files are called header files in C. These header files generally incorporate declarations of functions. Nosotros need stdio.h for the function printf() used in the program.
   Line 2 [ int main(void) ] There must exist a starting point from where execution of compiled C program begins. In C, the execution typically begins with the first line of main(). The void written in brackets indicates that the chief doesn't take any parameter (Run across this for more details). main() can be written to accept parameters as well. We volition be covering that in hereafter posts.
   The int was written before main indicates return type of main(). The value returned by main indicates the condition of programme termination. Run into this post for more than details on the return type.
   Line 3 and half-dozen: [ { and } ] In C language, a pair of curly brackets define telescopic and are mainly used in functions and control statements similar if, else, loops. All functions must start and end with curly brackets.
   Line iv [ printf("GeeksQuiz"); ] printf() is a standard library function to print something on standard output. The semicolon at the terminate of printf indicates line termination. In C, a semicolon is always used to indicate end of a statement.
   Line v [ return 0; ] The return argument returns the value from main(). The returned value may exist used by an operating system to know the termination condition of your program. The value 0 typically means successful termination.
   
2. How to execute the to a higher place program:
   In order to execute the above program, we need to have a compiler to compile and run our programs. In that location are sure online compilers like https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/, or http://codepad.org/ that tin be used to kickoff C without installing a compiler.

   Windows: There are many compilers available freely for the compilation of C programs like Code Blocks and Dev-CPP.   We strongly recommend Code Blocks.
   Linux: For Linux, gcc comes bundled with Linux,  Code Blocks can also exist used with Linux.
   

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Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-language-set-1-introduction/

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